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| Chandan |
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Names
Sandalwood, East Indian sandalwood (English)
Chandan, chandal, sandal (Hindi)
Chandana, ananditam, taliaparnam (Sanskrit)
Chandan, peetchandan (Bengal)
Sandanam, ulocidam, kulavuri (Tamil)
Botanical name: Santalum album
Family: Santalaceae, the sandalwood family
Plant Parts Used : Bark,
Exudate |
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| Description
: A small tree,
attains a height of 7.5 m. It has an extremely
hard, dark purple heartwood. Leaflets 3,
rarely 4 or 5, broad, elliptic, obtuse,
the length is 3.8-7.5 cm. Flowers are few,
in short axillary or terminal racemes. Pod,
oblique and gradually narrowed into a short
stalk, measures 3.8 cm in diameter. |
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| Characteristics
and Constituents :Many phenolic
compounds have been identified in the extract
of seeds. Chlorogenic acid, quercetin, gentisic
acid, cis- sinapic acid were present in
all the parts of the plant. Sinapic acid
and caffeic acid were absent in roots. Coumarin,
salicylic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid,
cis-p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid
have been shown in all parts of the plant
using conventional paper chromatographic
techniques. |
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| Actions and Uses : Pharmacological
studies were conducted with an ethanol extract
of the heartwood and bark of the plant.
Anti- inflammatory activity was shown against
carrageenin induced oedema. No significant
changes in blood pressure and respiration
were observed. Tranquillizing and CNS depressant
activities were detected.It is locally utilized
for the treatment of bleeding piles, dysentery,
fistula-in-ano and in all skin inflammations.
It has been used in diseases of 'Raktavikara'
etc. It is used to relieve inflammation
due to injury. Local use is also made in
conjunctivitis. LD(50) of the alcoholic
extract was 4000 mg/kg in rats. In the doses
recommended no adverse reactions are reported
in man. |
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